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| OPERATION clarifiers. Scientists in conducting various experiments in water purification have noticed a sharp increase in the transparency of clarified water in those experiments in which lightens the water passes through a layer above the precipitate. Special experiments showed that the contact of water after it with chemicals before precipitation accelerates flocculation micro-flakes. Also intensified the process of crystallization of calcium carbonate and magnesium hydroxide in water softening lime-soda method. These studies provided the basis for the development of numerous building structures in which the intensification of the processes of excretion of water and the suspension of the reaction products between the entries into the water and reagents dissolved salts is achieved by contact with the treated water before precipitation. In practice, there are two types of structures clarifiers. In the first type of contact with water before the precipitation is achieved as it moves upward through the sediment layer at a rate large enough to cause sediment in suspension (so-called fluidized bed), but lower than the rate of deposition of free flakes of sediment in still water . In the second type has a special design of clarifiers reaction chamber (chamber of flocculation), usually equipped with mechanical stirrers, which mixed with water before precipitation, and then enters into a zone of bleaching, in which the allocation of water in large flakes, formed in the reaction chamber. CONSTRUCTION clarifiers. The practice of clarifiers with gravity sedimentation seal showed that in the coming sedimentation seal fresh sediment squeezing water from it, which captures the counter-flow of sediment particles and carries them in the gutter clarified water. With a little clarification of turbid water layer suspended sediment easily roil coming out of the holes of the distribution system water jets. In order to avoid resuspension of sediment to effectively extinguish the energy of these jets. Typically, clarifiers are used to lighten the water of small and medium turbidity. At high turbidity water in the appropriate brighten sumps with mechanical removal of sediment (radial sedimentation tanks, septic tanks with scraper mechanism). However, in practice, water treatment, there are examples of successful use of clarifiers for clarification highly turbid waters. During the construction of filtration plants big productivity brighteners useful to have outside of the building. The device is modular in construction trenches appropriate clarifiers length. With the length of the zone of flocculation of less than 15 m trench cannot hold. In applying the clarifiers at the stations of water softening must reckon with the possibility of overgrowth of calcium carbonate of lead pipes, holes, distribution systems, etc. Therefore, the reagent water softening agents to be injected directly into the reaction zone under a layer of suspended sediment. This is inconvenient for stations with multiple clarifiers, since we must dispense reagents separately in each clarifier. When dosing the reactants in the overall mixer design clarifier should be such that you can easily, without stopping the clarifier, to clean tubes or trays of lead water from the faucet to the clarifier, and the systems that distribute water over the area of the clarifier. |