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| APPLICATION PROCESS INTENSIFICATION flocculants for coagulation. Flocculants are called high-molecular substances, which are used in addition to the primary coagulants - aluminum and iron salts. In some cases, flocculants can be used without the coagulant for the coagulation of colloids and suspensions, polluting natural waters. Flocculants are classified by the chemical composition of the mineral (the most widespread activated silica) and organic. Activated silicic acid prepared from sodium silicate (liquid glass) on water treatment plants by neutralizing the alkalinity of 70-85% 1-2% solution of sodium silicate. Solution of sodium silicate 1% concentration has an alkaline reaction, and colloidal silicic acid needed to intensify the process of water treatment by coagulation, in these conditions is formed. The condensation process leads to the formation of colloidal silicic acid. Colloidal particles of activated silicic acid when added to water treated with coagulants - aluminum salts and iron contribute to the coagulation of positively charged colloidal aluminum hydroxide, basic aluminum sulfate, and ferric hydroxide. The use of activated silica useful in cases where the water, the treated coagulants, contains an insufficient number of negatively charged ions or polyvalent anions for intensive coagulation of positively charged colloids coagulants. In particular, the use of activated silicic acid is useful for cleaning few cloudy colored water. Starting material for obtaining activated silicic acid is liquid glass (sodium silicate); it is desirable to use a product with a module (molecular ratio) close to 3. To activate the silica can be used by a variety of reagents, activators. Upon activation of chlorine sodium hypochlorite is obtained, which is used in the process of water purification for its decontamination. After the introduction of the activator in a solution of sodium silicate is a "maturation" of the sol-activated silica and then starts coagulation of the solution, the particles begin to lose their charge and the "active" silicic acid is being lost. Therefore, the activated silicic acid should be used within a few hours after her "mature". To extend the shelf life of activated silicic acid is recommended to dilute it with water to a concentration of 0.5%. Regulate the pH of the solution of water glass is achieved by selecting the dose of the activator. Dose of activated silica for water treatment by coagulation test is selected in the laboratory water treatment plant. |