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Formed after adding a coagulant to the water flocculent suspension in connection with a developed surface area has the ability to absorb and some dissolved organic compounds that cause odors and flavors of water.
The last of these mechanisms of water treatment as a result of coagulation of water introduced into the reagent-coagulant, which actually coagulates only one colloid-coagulant, can occur due to the fact that a repulsive force occurring between particles of different colloids with electric charges of one sign, depending on the size of charge more weakly charged particle. Particles with low or zero charges stick together not only with each other but also with the charged particles of another substance. Meanwhile, a colloid, retaining electrical charges can save aggregative stability, and its particles adhere to each other will not. Thus, the neutralization of the charges of colloidal particles in water is not necessary for the coagulation of polluting the water mist, enough to provide isoelectric state alone colloid-coagulant.
In the practice of water treatment as coagulants used primarily salts of aluminum and iron: aluminum sulphate, ferric chloride, iron sulfate, ferric sulfate.
The significance of these coagulants is that they are capable of forming hydrophobic colloidal systems, which allow the coagulation of flakes, sorption and exciting in the deposition of particles of natural water pollution. A certain importance is also the influence of polyvalent cations coagulants in reducing the potential of negatively charged particles of pollution, so that decreases the stability of colloids, polluting the water.
The aluminum ions enter into an exchange with cations that are in the adsorption layer of clay particles, pollutants water. Protsess ion exchange suspended particles proceeds rapidly and ends in exhaustion of the exchange capacity of suspended particles and the establishment of equilibrium between the cations in the adsorption layer of clay particles in solution. This is followed by hydrolysis of excess water added to the aluminum sulfate to form intermediates, ending with the receipt of a colloid- slightly soluble aluminum hydroxide.
Along with aluminum hydroxide, depending on the conditions of hydrolysis, can form colloids basic salts of aluminum, giving as soluble compounds.
Hydrogen ions released during hydrolysis of aluminum sulfate, delay further hydrolysis. At the same time lowering the pH of the water shifts the colloidal system of aluminum hydroxide and its main salts on the isoelectric point and worsens the conditions of coagulation. Therefore, it is necessary that formed during the hydrolysis of hydrogen ions were removed from the reaction. This is accomplished by the reaction of H + ions to bicarbonate ions, usually available in natural waters, i.e., by neutralizing the acidity, getting ¬ propagating in the hydrolysis, the natural alkalinity of the water.
If the alkalinity of water is insufficient, then add lime to the water or soda.