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| Osvetlenie and discoloration of water with coagulants. Water treatment coagulants used for water purification from suspended solids, color reduction, as well as to intensify the precipitation of calcium carbonate and magnesium hydroxide in reagent water softening. The most commonly performed treatment coagulants for water treatment of open water. This, along with the release of water from the slurry is achieved with the removal of water colloidal substances that determine color of water, plankton, significantly reduced the bacterial contamination of the water. Often, the processing is also reduced coagulant odors and flavors of water. In the waters of open water suspended solids often are particles of sand, clay, silt, plankton organisms, plant debris and the like. Suspended particles, their share is greater than one, tend to precipitate to the bottom of the vessel. However, most small particles of suspensions ranging in size from 3-4 to 0.1 micron and colloidal particles ranging in size from 0.1 to 0.001 microns almost no precipitate remains in the water in suspension. Fine silt, clay and colloidal particles without special measures to allocate settling impossible. For their deposition and applying the addition of coagulants to the water - substances that form relatively large and rapidly flocculate, which carried away with a finely divided suspension of the deposition, polluting the water. The stability of colloidal systems and fine suspensions (with particles smaller than 1 micron) is determined by their ability to keep the disperse state. The stability of these systems are much smaller than the molecular-disperse solution, and may be violated under the influence of many external factors, such as heating, freezing, addition of electrolytes and water, etc. In practice, we have to deal with hydrophobic and hydrophilic colloids. Hydrophobic colloids do not bind any significant amounts of water. Individual colloidal particles carry a significant electrical charge. Neutralization of them leads to loss of stability of hydrophobic colloids and coagulation, which is largely irreversible. Hydrophilic colloids, by contrast, are capable of binding large amounts of water. The particles of hydrophilic colloids in natural waters - it's mostly organic contaminants, which are large molecules are polymer. Their ability to retain significant amounts of water due to the presence on the surface of polar groups. These groups are water soluble and therefore keep the water shell around himself. Hydrophilic colloidal particles move in a dispersion medium with the water jacket. The particles are hydrophilic colloids are small electrical charges and under the influence of electrolytes are usually not coagulate. |