Killearn Lakes Plantation Restoration: Clean Lakes Project Tallahassee, Florida

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Substances dissolved in water.
The total content of dissolved substances is often characterized by approximate quantities of dry and burnt residue.
The dry residue is determined in the lab by evaporating a certain amount of pre-filtered water through a filter paper (for the separation of suspended solids) and then drying the residue at 105 - 120 ° C to constant weight. The dry residue should express the content of dissolved non-volatile at the temperature of substances.
However, the dry residue is not always with sufficient accuracy to characterize the content, since its value affects the ability of some compounds is not completely give moisture and water of crystallization at a temperature of 105-120 ° C. At this temperature, some starts to oxidize organic matter, resulting in a change in their weight.
The calcined residue is determined by the calcinations of solid residue at 800 ° C. The charring occurs first, and then burning the carbon of organic compounds, evaporates the remaining moisture in the dry residue, partially volatilized chlorides, carbonates are decomposed and partially removed C02. Therefore, the quantity of calcined residue is only approximately describes the content in the water of dissolved salts.
In the fresh waters of the cations are usually dominated by calcium, but with increasing total salt content of water generally increases the proportion of sodium. The concentration of magnesium cations in surface waters is usually significantly less than calcium, but with increasing salinity of water relative content of magnesium compared with calcium increases. Salt water is usually characterized by a predominant content of sodium cations.
Sulfate ions contained in the majority of natural waters. In waters with low salt content is usually the ion concentration is greater than the ion C1 ~, but in saline groundwater and salt waters of lakes and seas prevail more often than chloride ions. The exceptions are underground water in contact with rocks cast includes. In the waters of seas and saline lakes chloride ions are the main component of dissolved salts.
In studying the processes of water treatment should take into account the effect of high concentrations of chloride to increase the solubility of poorly soluble compounds (eg, carbonate and calcium sulfate, magnesium hydroxide, aluminum and iron) due to increased ionic strength and a corresponding reduction of the activity coefficients of ions.
Content in natural waters of ammonium, nitrate and nitride may be indicative of fecal contamination of water run-off, although in some cases it may be a consequence of dissolution of nitrogen-containing rocks. Therefore, the presence of nitrogen compounds in the water should be read in conjunction with the general hygienic situation of water intake and upstream releases of sewage, as well as bacteriological analysis of water.
The presence of water ammonium compounds and nitrites may indicate recent contamination of the reservoir. Over time, there is their oxidation to nitrates, so finding them in water; it can be assumed that earlier there was a pollution of sewage.